kopi jati

Unknown

Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich

Thermoplastics are polymers, which soften (becomes pliable and plastic) and melt when heated. In the melted conditions thermoplastics may be formed by various methods (injection molding, extrusion, Thermoforming).
No new cross-links form (no chemical curing) when a thermoplastic cools and harden. Thermoplastics may be reprocessed (re-melt) many times.

Molecules of most of thermoplastics combine long polymer chains alternating with monomer units.
Thermoplastic materials may contain filler materials in form of powder or fibers, providing improvement of specific material properties (strength, stiffness, lubricity, color etc.).
Thermoplastic groups:

Polyolefines: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP).

Styrenics: Polysterene (PS), Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN), Styrene/Acrylic (S/A), Styrene-Maleic Anhydride (SMA).

Vinyls: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC).

Acrylics: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Polyvinilchloride-Acrylic Blend (PVC/MA).

Fluoropolymers: Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF).

Polyesters: Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET), Polyester PETG (PETG), Polybutylene Terephtalate (PBT), Polyarilate (PAR), Liquid Crystal Polyester (LCP).

Polyamides (Nylons): Nylon 6 (N6), Nylon 66 (N66), Nylon 11 (N11), Nylon 12 (N12), Polyphtalamide (PPA), Polyamidemide (PAI).

Polyimides: Polyimide (PI), Polyetherimide (PEI).

Polyethers: Polyacetal (POM), Polycarbonate (PC), Polyphenylene Oxide Blend (PPO), Polyaryletherketone (PAEK), Polyetheretherketone.
Sulfur Containing Polymers: Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Polysulfone (PSF), Polyethersulfone (PES), Polyarylsulfone (PAS).

Properties and applications of some thermoplastics

Discuss the article and ask questions in our Materials Forum

Thermoplastic Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	0.92 *10³	kg/m³	57.4	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	0.29	GPa	42	ksi
Tensile strength	17	MPa	2500	psi
Elongation	500	%	500	%
Flexural strength	14	MPa	2000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	16*10^-5	ºCˉ¹	9*10^-5	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.33	W/(m*K)	2.29	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Melting point	120	ºC	248	ºF
Maximum work temperature	90	ºC	194	ºF
Electric resistivity	10¹³-10¹⁶	Ohm*m	10¹⁵-10¹⁸	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	2.3	-	2.3	-

Good impact strength;

Good chemical resistance;

Good flexibility;

Poor UV resistance;

Good hot formability.

Applications: packaging films (general purpose, shrink, lamination), containers, cable insulation, chemically resistant linings.

Thermoplastic High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	0.95 *10³	kg/m³	59.3	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	1.86	GPa	270	ksi
Tensile strength	31	MPa	4500	psi
Elongation	100	%	100	%
Flexural strength	40	MPa	5800	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	12.6*10^-5	ºCˉ¹	7*10^-5	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.48	W/(m*K)	3.33	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Melting point	130	ºC	266	ºF
Maximum work temperature	120	ºC	248	ºF
Electric resistivity	10¹³-10¹⁶	Ohm*m	10¹⁵-10¹⁸	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	2.4	-	2.4	-

Goog strength;

Good impact strength;

Good chemical resistance;

Good stiffness;

Poor UV resistance.

Applications: packaging films, heavy duty shrink film, pipes, containers, bags, blown bottles.

Thermoplastic Polypropylene (PP)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polypropylene (PP)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	0.91 *10³	kg/m³	56.8	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	1.36	GPa	195	ksi
Tensile strength	37	MPa	5300	psi
Elongation	350	%	350	%
Flexural strength	49	MPa	7000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	90*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	50*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.16	W/(m*K)	1.11	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	-10	ºC	14	ºF
Maximum work temperature	150	ºC	302	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁷-10⁹	Ohm*m	10⁹-10¹¹	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	2.4	-	2.4	-

Good chemical resistance;

Good fatigue resistance;

Good heat resistance.

Applications: packaging, ventilators, boxes of TV and radio sets, toys, furniture components, bumpers.

Thermoplastic Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.05 *10³	kg/m³	65.5	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	2.45	GPa	350	ksi
Tensile strength	45	MPa	6500	psi
Elongation	33	%	33	%
Flexural strength	70	MPa	10000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	90*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	50*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.25	W/(m*K)	1.73	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	100	ºC	212	ºF
Maximum work temperature	70	ºC	158	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁸	Ohm*m	10¹⁰	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	2.4	-	2.4	-

Good rigidity;
Good abrasion resistance;
Good resistance to low temperatures;
High creep resistance;
Good dimensional stability.

Applications: rigid luggage, telephone handset, domestic appliances (food processors, fans, TV sets), computer housings, food containers, radiator grills.

Thermoplastic Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.44 *10³	kg/m³	89.9	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	3.32	GPa	475	ksi
Tensile strength	47	MPa	6700	psi
Elongation	60	%	60	%
Flexural strength	91	MPa	13000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	75*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	42*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.18	W/(m*K)	1.25	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	87	ºC	189	ºF
Maximum work temperature	80	ºC	176	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁶	Ohm*m	10⁸	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	4	-	4	-

May be rigid or flexible (depending on formulation);
High density;
Environmentally durable;
May release chlorine and hydrochloric acid when heated.

Applications: drainage pipes, water service pipes, bottles, window frames, wire and cable insulation, resilient floors, automotive interiors, stationary, packaging, footwear.

Thermoplastic Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.19 *10³	kg/m³	74.3	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	2.77	GPa	400	ksi
Tensile strength	61	MPa	9000	psi
Elongation	4	%	4	%
Flexural strength	103	MPa	15000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	65*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	36*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.21	W/(m*K)	1.46	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	100	ºC	212	ºF
Maximum work temperature	100	ºC	212	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁶-10⁸	Ohm*m	10⁸-10¹⁰	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	2.7	-	2.7	-

Good weather resistance;
High strength;
Transparent.

Applications: automobile lights, swimming pools, lenses.

Thermoplastic Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	2.17 *10³	kg/m³	135.5	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	0.49	GPa	69	ksi
Tensile strength	24	MPa	3500	psi
Elongation	300	%	300	%
Flexural strength	33	MPa	4800	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	95*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	53*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.25	W/(m*K)	1.73	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	27	ºC	81	ºF
Maximum work temperature	260	ºC	500	ºF
Dielectric constant	2.1	-	2.1	-

Excellent anti-friction properties;
Excellent chemical resistance;
Excellent high temperature resistance;
Very good low temperature toughness;
Very good weather resistance;
High dielectric strength (up to 100 kV/mm).

Applications: bearings pump parts, non-sticking coating, tubes for chemicals, thread seal tape, high and low temperature electrical and medical applications, lining for rolls.

Thermoplastic Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polyethylene Terephtalate (PET)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.35 *10³	kg/m³	84.3	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	3.5	GPa	500	ksi
Tensile strength	61	MPa	8800	psi
Elongation	170	%	170	%
Flexural strength	105	MPa	15000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	70*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	39*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.15	W/(m*K)	1.04	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	80	ºC	176	ºF
Maximum work temperature	120	ºC	250	ºF
Dielectric constant	3.9	-	3.9	-

Hugh strength;
High rigidity;
Excellent processing properties;
Good weather resistance.

Applications: window wiper holders, exterior mirror housing, electrical plugs and sockets, under bonnet parts, wire and cable insulation, insulation tapes.

Thermoplastic Polyamide (Nylon 6)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polyamide (Nylon 6)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.13 *10³	kg/m³	70.5	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	2.95	GPa	420	ksi
Tensile strength	100	MPa	14500	psi
Elongation	60	%	60	%
Flexural strength	91	MPa	13000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	66*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	37*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.25	W/(m*K)	1.73	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	50	ºC	122	ºF
Maximum work temperature	110	ºC	230	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁴-10⁷	Ohm*m	10⁶-10⁹	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	4.5	-	4.5	-

Very high toughness;

Good chemical resistance;

Good thermal resistance;

Applications: bushings, electrical plugs and sockets, gears, fibers for textiles, food packaging film, bearings, carpets.

Thermoplastic Polyimide (PI)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polyimide (PI)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.38 *10³	kg/m³	86.1	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	3.1	GPa	440	ksi
Tensile strength	96	MPa	14000	psi
Elongation	7	%	7	%
Flexural strength	143	MPa	21000	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	43*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	24*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.40	W/(m*K)	2.77	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	320	ºC	608	ºF
Maximum work temperature	380	ºC	720	ºF
Dielectric constant	3.5	-	3.5	-

Excellent rigidity;
Very high strength;
Very high toughness;
Excellent thermal resistance;
High resistance to ionizing radiation.

Applications: aerospace components, high temperature resistant foams, chemical fibers, arc welding torches.

Thermoplastic Polycarbonate (PC)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polycarbonate (PC)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.20 *10³	kg/m³	74.9	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	2.30	GPa	330	ksi
Tensile strength	68	MPa	9800	psi
Elongation	130	%	130	%
Flexural strength	95	MPa	13500	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	66*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	37*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.20	W/(m*K)	1.39	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	150	ºC	302	ºF
Maximum work temperature	120	ºC	250	ºF
Electric resistivity	10⁸	Ohm*m	10¹⁰	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	3.0	-	3.0	-

High strength;
High stiffness;
High toughness;
Good thermal resistance;
Transparent.

Applications: blends with other polymers, components of street lights, bottles, protection helmets, machine frames.

Thermoplastic Polysulfone (PSF)

(submitted by the website administration)

Thermoplastic
Polysulfone (PSF)
Property	Value in metric unit		Value in US unit
Density	1.25 *10³	kg/m³	78.0	lb/ft³
Modulus of elasticity	2.61	GPa	375	ksi
Tensile strength	68	MPa	9800	psi
Elongation	75	%	75	%
Flexural strength	115	MPa	16500	psi
Thermal expansion (20 ºC)	56*10^-6	ºCˉ¹	31*10^-6	in/(in* ºF)
Thermal conductivity	0.26	W/(m*K)	1.80	BTUin/(hrft²*ºF)
Glass transition temperature	190	ºC	375	ºF
Maximum work temperature	160	ºC	320	ºF
Electric resistivity	1.015*10^-3	Ohm*m	1.015*10^-1	Ohm*cm
Dielectric constant	3.1	-	3.1	-

Very high rigidity;
High strength;
High stiffness;
High creep strength;

Applications: microwave cookware, medical equipment, chemical pumps, automotive components.

Wednesday, April 22, 2015

Thermoplastics

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

Related internal links

Related external links

No comments:

Post a Comment